As promised yesterday, let us take a look at the two methods of the Real role: polymod and base. polymod I already devoted a post to the Int.polymod method, but the method also exists in the Real role. Let us see if it is different. method polymod(Real:D: +@mods) { my $more = self; my $lazy = … Continue reading “🔬60. Examining the Real role of Perl 6, part 3”
Category: Programming languages
🔬59. Examining the Real role of Perl 6, part 2
Today, we continue our initial exploration of the Real role, that was started a couple of days ago. Together with its methods, the role contains a number of subroutines (placed outside the role) that define the infix operators with the objects of the Real type. The list is not that long, so let me copy … Continue reading “🔬59. Examining the Real role of Perl 6, part 2”
🔬58. A word on polymod in Perl 6
Before moving to the second part of the Real role, let us stop on the polymod method of the Int class. The method takes a number and a list of arbitrary numbers (units) and returns the corresponding multipliers. So that you can easily say that 550 seconds, for example, is 9 minutes and 10 seconds: … Continue reading “🔬58. A word on polymod in Perl 6”
🔬57. Examining the Real role of Perl 6, part 1
During the last few days, we talked a lot about the Real role. Lets us then look at it more precisely. The code is located in the src/core/Real.pm file. It contains the role itself and a few subroutines implementing different infixes. The Real role in its turn implements the Numeric role: my role Real does Numeric { … Continue reading “🔬57. Examining the Real role of Perl 6, part 1”
🔬56. A bit more on Rat vs FatRat in Perl 6
Yesterday, we were digging into Rakudo Perl 6 to understand when a Rat value becomes a Num value. It turned out that if the value becomes too small, which means its denominator gets bigger and bigger, Rakudo starts using a Num value instead of Rat. We found the place where it happened. Today, let us … Continue reading “🔬56. A bit more on Rat vs FatRat in Perl 6”
🔬55. FatRat vs Rat in Perl 6
Yesterday, Solomon Foster posted an example in the Perl 6 group on Facebook: my @x = FatRat.new(1, 1), -> $x { $x – ($x ** 2 – $N) / (2 * $x) } … * This code implements Newton’s method of finding an approximate value of a square root of $N. The important thing is … Continue reading “🔬55. FatRat vs Rat in Perl 6”
Perl 6 Grammars, Part 1
Originally published on perl.com The Perl 6 language has builtin support of grammars. You may consider grammars as a combination of the well known regular expressions and utilities such as yacc or bison, or more sophisticated grammar tools such as ANTLR. All that—both lexer, parser, and also semantic processing—which are often separate parts of compilers, is built-in and available … Continue reading “Perl 6 Grammars, Part 1”
🔬54. Going over the Bridge, part 2. Let’s get rid of it
Today, we continue working with the Bridge method in Rakudo Perl 6. Yesterday, we saw the definitions of the methods in a few pre-defined data types. It is time to see how the method is used. What’s inside? The major use of the method is inside the Real role, which contains the following set of methods: … Continue reading “🔬54. Going over the Bridge, part 2. Let’s get rid of it”
🔬53. Going over the Bridge, part 1
In the classes that handle numbers in Perl 6, we saw the Bridge method, which is used polymorphically. Let us spend some time and try to understand 1) how it works and 2) is it necessary. Classes and Roles Our first step is to look where the method is defined. Here is the list of … Continue reading “🔬53. Going over the Bridge, part 1”
🔬52. An attempt to understand how [*] works in Perl 6
Reduction operators are one of the many attractive features of Perl 6. A classical example is calculating factorial: say [*] 1..5; # 120 It is remarkable that in the AST output (generated with the –target=ast command-line option) you do not see any cycles. There is the METAOP_REDUCE_LEFT call, and obviously, the rest is hidden on the deeper … Continue reading “🔬52. An attempt to understand how [*] works in Perl 6”
🔬51. Colonpair in Perl 6’s Grammar, part 2
Today, we continue examining the colonpair syntax in Perl 6 and will give an addition to the third branch of the token. Here’s the branch we are looking at today: # branch 3 | <identifier> { $*key := $<identifier>.Str; } [ || <.unsp>? :dba(‘pair value’) <coloncircumfix($*key)> { $*value := $<coloncircumfix>; } || { $*value := 1; … Continue reading “🔬51. Colonpair in Perl 6’s Grammar, part 2”
🔬50. Colonpair in Perl 6’s Grammar, part 1
Welcome to the 50th post in this series! Today, we’ll talk about a small syntax construction, which is nevertheless is quite complicated in terms of Grammar. Let us look at the whole colonpair token first: token colonpair { :my $*key; :my $*value; ‘:’ :dba(‘colon pair’) [ | ‘!’ [ <identifier> || <.panic: “Malformed False pair; … Continue reading “🔬50. Colonpair in Perl 6’s Grammar, part 1”
🔬49. Dumping 0 but True in Perl 6
Yesterday, we talked about how modification of the value such as 0 but True works in Rakudo Perl 6. Today, we’ll try to fix a missing fragment in the implementation, which does not let you correctly dumping an object with the perl method (there is a bug report #126097 for that). Let us see what happens … Continue reading “🔬49. Dumping 0 but True in Perl 6”
🔬48. How does ‘0 but True’ work in Perl 6
In Perl 6, you can say 0 but True, and change the result of coercing zero to a Boolean value. (Notice that this is not a string but a valid language construct.) my $v = 0 but True; say $v; # 0 say ?$v; # True Let us see how that works in Rakudo. First … Continue reading “🔬48. How does ‘0 but True’ work in Perl 6”
🔬47. Push-all optimisation of List.roll in Perl 6
Last evening, I made a commit based on my recent observation. Let me devote today’s post to that. In the last few days, we were talking about the two methods for getting random elements from a list — pick and roll. When you pass an integer to the methods, both of them internally use an … Continue reading “🔬47. Push-all optimisation of List.roll in Perl 6”
🔬46. How does ‘pick’ return unique elements (Exploring the pick and the roll methods in Perl 6, part 3)
Yesterday, we went through the code of the roll($N) method, so it will be easier to examine its brother, pick(N$). The code lives in src/core/List.pm: multi method pick(List:D: $number is copy) { fail X::Cannot::Lazy.new(:action(‘.pick from’)) if self.is-lazy; my Int $elems = self.elems; return () unless $elems; $number = nqp::istype($number,Whatever) || $number == Inf ?? $elems !! … Continue reading “🔬46. How does ‘pick’ return unique elements (Exploring the pick and the roll methods in Perl 6, part 3)”
🔬45. Exploring the pick and the roll methods in Perl 6, part 2
Today, we continue examining the internals of the pick and roll methods. Yesterday, we discovered how they work without arguments. It is time to see what the methods do to return multiple values. We start with roll, as it is simpler as it does not care about returning unique elements. The roll($N) is a separate multi-sub with quite … Continue reading “🔬45. Exploring the pick and the roll methods in Perl 6, part 2”
🔬44. Exploring the pick and the roll methods in Perl 6, part 1
Today, we’ll take a look at the implementation of the pick and roll methods. First, a reminder of how they work. The User story If called without arguments, the methods return a random element from a list (or an array, for example): my @a = ‘a’ .. ‘z’; say @a.pick; # b say @a.roll; # … Continue reading “🔬44. Exploring the pick and the roll methods in Perl 6, part 1”
🔬43. Variable $y not declared. Did you mean $x?
One of the additional user-friendly features of Perl 6 is its great error reporting. It is not a mandatory part of the language grammar or semantics, but it really helps a developer to fix the errors in the code. Run the following program: $ perl6 -e’my $var1; say $var2′ It leads to a compile-time error: … Continue reading “🔬43. Variable $y not declared. Did you mean $x?”
🔬42. Mathematics in the Num data type in Perl 6
The first full month of Perl 6 blogging is over. Daily Perl 6 insights of perl6.online: And a sister story of perl6.ru, where I write about the ‘user-level’ elements of Perl 6. My original plan was to have the whole year of posts, so about 1/12 is done. Let us look at the Num class, specifically … Continue reading “🔬42. Mathematics in the Num data type in Perl 6”